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What factors underlie gene reuse in adaptation?
Poštulková, Alžběta ; Bohutínská, Magdalena (advisor) ; Vosolsobě, Stanislav (referee)
Is the fate of a mutation predictable? The repeatability of evolution may indicate its predictability. If some change has emerged multiple times in the past, it may also occur in the future. Convergent evolution provides a natural model of repeated evolution and suggests the presence of certain constraints. Examination of the genetic processes, that have led to convergent adaptive traits, can contribute to the knowledge of the predictability of evolution. The aim of my work is to summarize the available knowledge about factors affecting gene reuse in adaptation. My work shows that the repeatability of evolution is biased by the genome characteristics, the population characteristics and also the trait encoding complexity. The likelihood of genomic region reuse increases with the amount of emerging mutations affecting the phenotype. Regarding the pleiotropic constraints of gene reuse, the most suitable is a mutation in the cis-regulatory region of the gene on the periphery of the functional pathway. Of the population traits, the greater effective size of the population, the higher standing genetic variation and the lower divergence between populations raise the chance of gene reuse. Despite the dependence of evolution on random processes, there are many factors that direct it and make it more...
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